Performance Evaluation and Experimental Optimization of a Hybrid Solar–Wind Energy System under Variable Climatic Conditions

Abstract

Hybrid solar–wind energy systems make electricity by using both sunlight and wind. In this study, we check how well these systems work in different weather conditions by using real data from several places. We look at how much energy the system makes, how often it works well, and how efficient it is during different times of the year. We found that solar and wind power help each other. Solar panels work better during the day and in summer, while wind turbines work better at night and in winter. For example, in Texas, using both together gave more steady power—solar helped in summer, and wind helped in winter. In Iraq, a small system gave up to 83 watts from solar and 45 watts from wind. In Kenya, a small power system used for a village gave over 2,000 kilowatt-hours in 14 months and was about 67% efficient. This shows that batteries and control systems are important. We also studied ways to improve the system, like choosing the right size for solar and wind parts, and using smart systems to get more energy. The results show that when solar and wind are used together, with good setup and batteries, the system gives more steady power. For example, a system with both solar and wind could give power 88% of the time. Solar or wind alone cannot do that. In the end, we share ideas to make these systems better, like turning the solar panels the right way and using the best mix of solar and wind. We also explain why batteries or a link to the power grid are needed to keep the electricity on when there is no sun or wind.