الحرب العالمية الثانية وإعادة تشكيل النظام الدولي

الملخص

This research paper examines the Second World War (1939–1945) as a pivotal event that reshaped the foundations of the modern international order. The war erupted as a result of accumulating political, economic, and social factors, most notably the repercussions of the Treaty of Versailles, the global economic crisis, and the rise of totalitarian regimes in Europe and Japan. The conflict spanned Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific, witnessing decisive battles on the Eastern, Western, African, and Pacific fronts, alongside extensive use of technology, intelligence operations, and industrial production.

The war resulted in massive human and material losses, the collapse of traditional European powers, the rise of the United States and the Soviet Union, and the end of colonial empires, which in turn supported the emergence of national liberation movements. It also led to the establishment of new international institutions such as the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, as well as the development of international law and human rights frameworks—ultimately paving the way for the Cold War and the ideological confrontation between the two global superpowers.

The Second World War provided the international community with a decisive lesson on the importance of international cooperation, the preservation of peace and security, respect for national sovereignty, and addressing the underlying causes of conflict. As a transformative historical experience, it laid the groundwork for the modern international system and reinforced the principles of collective security and sustainable development.