Controls of Islamic Legal Fatwas and the Consequences of Recklessness in Issuing Them in Light of Contemporary Media Changes

Abstract

This research derives its significance from the exalted status of the Companions of the Prophet (PBUH), the generation chosen to establish the foundations of Islam. The problem lies in the contemporary phenomenon of "presumption in issuing fatwas" (Al-Tajaru' 'ala al-Fatwa) by unqualified individuals who overlook Sharia objectives (Maqasid) and scholarly disciplines. The study addresses a central question: Does the invocation of the legal authority (Hujjiya) of the Companions' opinions and their juristic methodologies limit the spread of unauthorized edicts? It aims to underscore the Companions' preeminence in knowledge and justice while consolidating their opinions as a legitimate Sharia source. Employing inductive and analytical methodologies, the researcher examines jurisprudential views on the authority of the "Companions’ Sayings," linking them to the higher objectives of issuing fatwas. The study concludes that the Companions represent the ultimate model of juristic caution (Wara'); their fatwas serve as a governing reference that curbs whims and prevents scholarly audacity. The research identifies ignorance of Sharia objectives as the primary cause of anomalous fatwas (Shadhdh), making the adherence to the Companions' methodology a necessity for social stability.