Milestones in the Development of Mathematics from Ancient Beginnings to the Modern Era
Keywords:
Gout, Uric acid, Arthritis, Alnizam alghadAbstract
Mathematics is considered one of the oldest sciences known to humankind. It has evolved over many centuries through experimentation, observation, and abstraction, originating from the human need for counting, measuring, and organizing daily life.
This paper aims to trace the major milestones in the history of mathematics, beginning with ancient civilizations such as the Babylonian and Egyptian, passing through Greek and Islamic mathematics, and culminating in the Scientific Revolution in Europe and contemporary developments.
The study highlights the most influential figures and achievements that have shaped this field, including Euclid, Pythagoras, and Archimedes, with a particular focus on the role of intercultural interaction in the accumulation of mathematical knowledge.
Mathematics witnessed significant advancements, such as the emergence of analytic geometry by Descartes and the invention of calculus by Newton and Leibniz.
The study concludes that the history of mathematics clearly reflects a spirit of collaboration and cumulative knowledge across different eras
References
.1Boyer, C. B., & Merzbach, U. C. (2011). A History of Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons.
Katz, V. J. (2009). A History of Mathematics: An Introduction. Pearson Education, Inc.
Stillwell, J. (2010). Mathematics and Its History. Springer.
ستيدال، جاكلين. (2012). تاريخ الرياضيات: مقدمة قصيرة جدا. ترجمة: محمد عبد العظيم سعود. هنداوي.
كيتاغاوا، كيت، ريفيل، تيموثي. (2024). الشخصيات المخفية: إعطاء حق الرياضيين الأكثر تغاضيا في التاريخ.
