Abdulhamid Al-Abbar and His Heroic Role in the Libyan Jihad Movement Against the Italian Invasion, 1911–1923

Abstract

This study aims to clarify the prominent role of Sheikh Abdulhamid Al-Abbar in the Libyan jihad movement against the Italian occupation, highlighting his leadership of several battles during the period 1911–1923. It further examines his relationship with the Senussi leadership, his deep influence by them, and his adherence to their military and political efforts throughout various phases of Libya’s struggle until the country achieved full independence—a process in which Al-Abbar played a significant role.

The importance of this study lies in its historical and scholarly value, as it sheds light on one of the most prominent national figures in Cyrenaica in particular and Libya in general. Sheikh Abdulhamid Al-Abbar was among the first to respond to the call for jihad in defense of the homeland. His strong loyalty to the Senussi movement and his profound patriotism made him an essential contributor to establishing jihad camps and supporting the resistance movement, participating in its early battles under the leadership of Sayyid Ahmad Al-Sharif Al-Senussi.

He also supported and took part in political negotiations led by Sayyid Idris Al-Senussi, during which several agreements were concluded throughout periods of truce and dialogue. Moreover, this study is considered one of the important historical works in modern Libyan national history, as it highlights the symbols of Libyan resistance, strengthens national identity, and allows future generations to benefit from these honorable historical experiences.

The study concludes with several significant findings confirming the influential and active role played by the mujahid Abdulhamid Al-Abbar in the Libyan struggle against the Italian occupation, and it emphasizes his strong and enduring relationship with the Senussi leaders throughout the military and political phases of jihad and resistance.